Theory note · Grade 5
Speech sounds: vowels and consonants
How many vowel and consonant sounds and letters Russian has, and which consonants come in pairs.
All materials
The lessons are in Russian; titles and summaries are in English.
Found: 43 materials
Theory note · Grade 5
Phonetic analysis of a word
How to analyse a word sound by sound (using «льётся») and how tricky letter clusters are pronounced.
Theory note · Grade 5
Morphemic analysis
Six steps of morphemic analysis, using the word «книжный».
Theory note · Grade 5
The adjective
What an adjective expresses, which questions it answers, how it changes and how to parse it.
Theory note · Grade 6
Describing a painting: an essay plan
A five-step plan for describing a painting and tips to make the description vivid.
Theory note · Grade 6
Native and borrowed words, professional terms and dialect words
Vocabulary by origin and by use: native, borrowed, professional and dialect words.
Theory note · Grade 6
Obsolete words: archaisms and historicisms
How archaisms differ from historicisms; old words for parts of the body; proverbs with obsolete words.
Table · Grade 6
Old Russian measures of length and weight
Arshin, versta, vershok, sazhen and other historicisms in modern units.
Theory note · Grade 6
Set phrases (idioms)
What makes a set phrase, where idioms come from, with examples from the notebook.
Theory note · Grade 6
Tropes
Words used figuratively: epithet, metaphor and its kinds, synecdoche, irony, antonomasia, oxymoron.
Theory note · Grade 6
Figures of speech and sound devices
Alliteration, assonance, anaphora, antithesis, parcellation and other expressive devices.
Theory note · Grade 6
Ways of forming words
Morphemic and non-morphemic ways of forming words, with examples from the notebook.
Theory note · Grade 6
Classes of adjectives
Qualitative, relative and possessive adjectives: meaning, suffixes and properties.
Theory note · Grade 6
Degrees of comparison of adjectives
Simple and compound comparative and superlative forms; irregular forms.
Theory note · Grade 6
The numeral
What a numeral means, its classes by meaning and by structure, and its role in a sentence.
Theory note · Grade 6
Declension of numerals
How 50–80, 200–400, 500–900, fractions, sorok, devyanosto, sto and poltora decline.
Theory note · Grade 6
Collective numerals
Which collective numerals exist, which words they combine with and how they decline.
Table · Grade 6
Noun, adjective, numeral compared
Summary table of three nominal parts of speech: questions, meaning, features and role.
Table · Grade 6
Pronouns: nine classes
What a pronoun is and what each of the nine classes points to.
Theory note · Grade 6
Personal and reflexive pronouns
Person and number of personal pronouns, their declension, and the reflexive «себя».
Theory note · Grade 6
Interrogative and relative pronouns
The same words: in a question they are interrogative, in a complex sentence they are relative.
Theory note · Grade 6
Indefinite and negative pronouns
How indefinite and negative pronouns are formed, how they change and how they are written with prepositions.
Theory note · Grade 6
Possessive pronouns
How to tell possessive его, её, их from personal pronouns and how possessives decline.
Theory note · Grade 6
Demonstrative pronouns
What demonstrative pronouns do, how they change and which sentence role they take.
Theory note · Grade 6
Determinative pronouns
Ves', kazhdyy, sam, samyy and others: meaning, sentence role, sam vs samyy.
Theory note · Grade 6
Transitive and reflexive verbs
How to tell whether a verb is transitive, and why reflexive verbs are always intransitive.
Table · Grade 6
Verb moods
Indicative, conditional and imperative mood: meaning, formation and how they change.
Theory note · Grade 6
Morphological analysis of a verb
A five-step plan for parsing a verb, with a model.
Theory note · Grade 6
One tense used for another
How the present tense is used with future or past meaning.
Theory note · Grade 6
Prefixes pre- and pri-
The meanings of the prefixes pre- and pri- and word pairs that are easy to confuse.
Theory note · Grade 6
Pol- and polu- (half)
When pol- takes a hyphen, is joined or is separate, and why polu- is always joined.
Theory note · Grade 6
N and NN in adjectives
Which adjective suffixes take one n, which take two, and the exceptions.
Theory note · Grade 6
Adjective suffixes -k- and -sk-
When to write -k- or -sk-, and what happens to consonants where stem meets suffix.
Theory note · Grade 6
Compound adjectives: joined or hyphenated
How to decide whether a compound adjective is written as one word or with a hyphen.
Theory note · Grade 6
Spelling numerals
Where numerals take a soft sign, how compound ordinals are written, and holiday names.
Vocabulary · Grade 6
Grade 6 dictionary words
Nine groups of grade 6 dictionary words to memorise and practise.
Theory note · Grade 7
Questions for an interview
Six kinds of questions, useful phrases and a plan for preparing an interview.
Vocabulary · Grade 7
Obsolete adverbs
Old adverbs found in literature: what they mean, with examples.
Theory note · Grade 7
Words of the state category
What state words mean and how to tell them from adverbs.
Theory note · Grade 7
Adverb suffixes; soft sign after sibilants; N and NN
O or E after sibilants, final A or O, soft sign after sibilants, and N/NN in adverbs.
Table · Grade 8
One-member sentences
Five kinds of one-member sentences: what the main member is and what it means.
Theory note · Grade 8
Phrases with KAK: comma or not
An algorithm for when a phrase with kak is set off by commas and when it is not.
Theory note · Grade 9
Analysing a poem
What to look for when analysing a poem, with examples from the notebook's analyses.
